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Everyday Minerals

Quartz, feldspar, mica — the common minerals that make up the ground.

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77 minerals · Rock-Forming · sorted with popular first
GroupApatite specimen
Apatite Ca₅(PO₄)₃(F,Cl,OH)
PhosphateHexagonalMohs 5
Baryte specimen
Baryte Ba(SO₄)
SulfateOrthorhombicMohs 3–3.5
GroupBiotite specimen
Biotite K(Mg,Fe)₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
SilicateMonoclinicMohs 2.5–3
Calcite specimen
Calcite Ca(CO₃)
CarbonateHexagonalMohs 3
GroupFeldspar specimen
Feldspar (K,Na,Ca)(Al,Si)₄O₈
SilicateTriclinicMohs 6–6.5
Forsterite specimen
Forsterite Mg₂(SiO₄)
SilicateOrthorhombicMohs 6.5–7
Gypsum specimen
Gypsum Ca(SO₄)·2H₂O
SulfateMonoclinicMohs 2
Halite specimen
Halite NaCl
HalideCubicMohs 2.5
Hematite specimen
Hematite Fe₂O₃
Oxides & HydroxideHexagonalMohs 5–6
Magnetite specimen
Magnetite Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄
Oxides & HydroxideCubicMohs 5.5–6.5
Muscovite specimen
Muscovite KAl₂(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂
SilicateMonoclinicMohs 2–2.5
MineraloidObsidian specimen
Obsidian SiO₂-rich volcanic glass
SilicateAmorphousMohs 5–5.5
GroupOlivine specimen
Olivine (Mg,Fe)₂SiO₄
SilicateOrthorhombicMohs 6.5–7
Pyrite specimen
Pyrite FeS₂
SulfideCubicMohs 6–6.5
FeaturedQuartz specimen
Quartz SiO₂
SilicateHexagonalMohs 7
Sulphur specimen
Sulphur S
Native ElementOrthorhombicMohs 1.5–2.5
Actinolite specimen
Actinolite Ca₂(Mg₄.₅₋₂.₅Fe²⁺₀.₅₋₂.₅)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
SilicateMonoclinicMohs 5–6
Albite specimen
Albite Na(AlSi₃O₈)
SilicateTriclinicMohs 6–6.5
GroupAmphibole specimen
Amphibole A₀₋₁B₂C₅T₈O₂₂(OH)₂
SilicateMonoclinicMohs 5–6.5
Anhydrite specimen
Anhydrite Ca(SO₄)
SulfateOrthorhombicMohs 3–3.5
Annite specimen
Annite KFe²⁺₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
SilicateMonoclinicMohs 2.5–3
Anorthite specimen
Anorthite Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)
SilicateTriclinicMohs 6–6.5
Antigorite specimen
Antigorite Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄
SilicateMonoclinicMohs 2.5–3.5
Aragonite specimen
Aragonite Ca(CO₃)
CarbonateOrthorhombicMohs 3.5–4
Augite specimen
Augite (Ca,Mg,Fe)₂Si₂O₆
SilicateMonoclinicMohs 5.5–6
Borax specimen
Borax Na₂B₄O₅(OH)₄·8H₂O
BorateMonoclinicMohs 2–2.5
Böhmite specimen
Böhmite AlO(OH)
Oxides & HydroxideOrthorhombicMohs 3.5
Carnallite specimen
Carnallite KMgCl₃·6H₂O
HalideOrthorhombicMohs 2.5
RockChert specimen
Chert SiO₂ (cryptocrystalline)
SilicateTrigonalMohs 7
GroupChlorite specimen
Chlorite (Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH)₈
SilicateMonoclinicMohs 2–2.5
Chrysotile specimen
Chrysotile Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄
SilicateMonoclinicMohs 2.5–3.5
Dolomite specimen
Dolomite CaMg(CO₃)₂
CarbonateHexagonalMohs 3.5–4
Enstatite specimen
Enstatite Mg₂Si₂O₆
SilicateOrthorhombicMohs 5–6
Epidote specimen
Epidote Ca₂(Al₂Fe³⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)
SilicateMonoclinicMohs 6–7
Epsomite specimen
Epsomite Mg(SO₄)·7H₂O
SulfateOrthorhombicMohs 2–2.5
Ferro-hornblende specimen
Ferro-hornblende Ca₂(Fe²⁺₄Al)(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂
SilicateMonoclinicMohs 5–6
RockFlint specimen
Flint SiO₂ (cryptocrystalline)
SilicateTrigonalMohs 7
Gibbsite specimen
Gibbsite Al(OH)₃
Oxides & HydroxideMonoclinicMohs 2.5–3
GroupGlauconite specimen
Glauconite (K,Na)(Fe,Al,Mg)₂(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH)₂
SilicateMonoclinicMohs 2
Goethite specimen
Goethite FeO(OH)
Oxides & HydroxideOrthorhombicMohs 5–5.5
Graphite specimen
Graphite C
Native ElementOrthorhombicMohs 1–2
Halloysite-7Å specimen
Halloysite-7Å Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄
SilicateMonoclinicMohs 2–2.5
Hectorite specimen
Hectorite Na₀.₃(Mg,Li)₃Si₄O₁₀(F,OH)₂·nH₂O
SilicateMohs 1–2
GroupHornblende specimen
Hornblende Ca₂(Mg,Fe,Al)₅(Al,Si)₈O₂₂(OH)₂
SilicateMonoclinicMohs 5–6
Howlite specimen
Howlite Ca₂SiB₅O₉(OH)₅
SilicateMonoclinicMohs 3.5
Hydroxylapatite specimen
Hydroxylapatite Ca₅(PO₄)₃OH
PhosphateHexagonalMohs 5
GroupIllite specimen
Illite K₀.₆₅Al₂(Al₀.₆₅Si₃.₃₅)O₁₀(OH)₂
SilicateMonoclinicMohs 1–2
Ilmenite specimen
Ilmenite Fe²⁺Ti⁴⁺O₃
Oxides & HydroxideHexagonalMohs 5–6
Kaolinite specimen
Kaolinite Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄
SilicateTriclinicMohs 2–2.5
Kieserite specimen
Kieserite Mg(SO₄)·H₂O
SulfateMonoclinicMohs 3.5
Limonite specimen
Limonite FeO(OH)·nH₂O
Oxides & HydroxideAmorphousMohs 4–5.5
Lizardite specimen
Lizardite Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄
SilicateHexagonalMohs 2.5
Magnesio-hornblende specimen
Magnesio-hornblende Ca₂(Mg₄Al)(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂
SilicateMonoclinicMohs 5–6
Magnesite specimen
Magnesite Mg(CO₃)
CarbonateHexagonalMohs 3.5–4.5
GroupMica specimen
Mica XY₂₋₃Z₄O₁₀(OH,F)₂
SilicateMonoclinicMohs 2–3
Microcline specimen
Microcline K(AlSi₃O₈)
SilicateTriclinicMohs 6–6.5
VarietyMilky Quartz specimen
Milky Quartz SiO₂
SilicateTrigonalMohs 7
Mirabilite specimen
Mirabilite Na₂(SO₄)·10H₂O
SulfateMonoclinicMohs 1.5–2
Montmorillonite specimen
Montmorillonite (Na,Ca)₀.₃(Al,Mg)₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂·nH₂O
SilicateMonoclinicMohs 1–2
Nepheline specimen
Nepheline Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
SilicateHexagonalMohs 5.5–6
Niter specimen
Niter K(NO₃)
NitrateOrthorhombicMohs 2
Nitratine specimen
Nitratine Na(NO₃)
NitrateHexagonalMohs 1.5–2
Orthoclase specimen
Orthoclase K(AlSi₃O₈)
SilicateMonoclinicMohs 6–6.5
Palygorskite specimen
Palygorskite (Mg,Al)₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)·4H₂O
SilicateMonoclinicMohs 2
Phlogopite specimen
Phlogopite KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
SilicateMonoclinicMohs 2–2.5
GroupPlagioclase specimen
Plagioclase (Na,Ca)(Al,Si)₄O₈
SilicateTriclinicMohs 6–6.5
Polyhalite specimen
Polyhalite K₂Ca₂Mg(SO₄)₄·2H₂O
SulfateTriclinicMohs 3.5
RockPumice specimen
Pumice Vesicular volcanic glass
SilicateAmorphousMohs 5–6
Pyrophyllite specimen
Pyrophyllite Al₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
SilicateTriclinicMohs 1–1.5
GroupPyroxene specimen
Pyroxene XY(Si,Al)₂O₆
SilicateMonoclinicMohs 5–7
RockQuartzite specimen
Quartzite SiO₂ (metamorphic rock)
SilicateTrigonalMohs 7
GroupSerpentine specimen
Serpentine (Mg,Fe)₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄
SilicateMonoclinicMohs 2.5–3.5
Sylvite specimen
Sylvite KCl
HalideCubicMohs 2
Talc specimen
Talc Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
SilicateTriclinicMohs 1
Tremolite specimen
Tremolite Ca₂(Mg₅.₀₋₄.₅Fe²⁺₀.₀₋₀.₅)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
SilicateMonoclinicMohs 5–6
Vermiculite specimen
Vermiculite Mg₀.₇(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄·8H₂O
SilicateMonoclinicMohs 1.5
Wollastonite specimen
Wollastonite CaSiO₃
SilicateTriclinicMohs 4.5–5