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Localities Map

Notable specimen localities around the world — hover a dot for details, click to open the mineral.

Agate — Idar-Oberstein, Germany Agate — Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Agate — Artigas, Uruguay Agate — Chihuahua agate fields, Mexico Agate — Lake Superior shores, USA Agate — Bobonong district, Botswana Almandine — Zillerthal, Austria Almandine — Fort Wrangell, United States Almandine — Barton mine, Gore Mountain, United States Almandine — Bihar & Rajasthan, India Amber — Baltic coast (Kaliningrad), Russia Amber — Gdańsk coast, Poland Amber — Simojovel, Mexico Amber — Kachin, Myanmar Amethyst — Artigas, Uruguay Amethyst — Iraí, Brazil Amethyst — Piedra Parada, Mexico Amethyst — Thunder Bay (Diamond Willow mine), Canada Amethyst — Four Peaks, USA Amethyst — Kariba district, Zambia Apatite — Cerro de Mercado, Mexico Apatite — Panasqueira, Portugal Apatite — Kola Peninsula, Russia Apatite — Renfrew County, Canada Aquamarine — Santa Maria de Itabira, Brazil Aquamarine — Shigar Valley, Skardu, Pakistan Aquamarine — Erongo Mountains, Namibia Aquamarine — Mount Antero, USA Aquamarine — Mursinka, Ural Mountains, Russia Aquamarine — Central Highlands, Madagascar Azurite — Chessy-les-Mines, France Azurite — Tsumeb Mine, Namibia Azurite — Milpillas Mine, Mexico Azurite — Touissit, Morocco Azurite — Bisbee (Copper Queen Mine), USA Azurite — Lavrion (Laurium), Greece Baryte — Elk Creek, USA Baryte — Stoneham, USA Baryte — Baia Sprie (Felsőbánya), Romania Baryte — Příbram, Czech Republic Baryte — Cleator Moor & Frizington, England Baryte — Ouichane, Morocco Beryl — Muzo, Colombia Beryl — Minas Gerais, Brazil Beryl — Wah Wah Mountains, United States Beryl — Erongo, Namibia Beryl — Urulga River, Russia Biotite — Cape Ann, USA Biotite — Bancroft district, Canada Biotite — Jacupiranga, Brazil Biotite — Val Malenco, Italy Biotite — Kovdor–Khibiny, Russia Biotite — Toliara region, Madagascar Calcite — Helgustaðir, Iceland Calcite — Elmwood Mine, USA Calcite — Sweetwater Mine, USA Calcite — Santa Eulalia, Mexico Calcite — Cavnic, Romania Calcite — Dalnegorsk, Russia Cinnabar — Almadén, Spain Cinnabar — Idrija, Slovenia Cinnabar — Wanshan, China Cinnabar — New Almaden, United States Citrine — Minas Gerais, Brazil Citrine — Anahí mine, Bolivia Citrine — Central Highlands, Madagascar Citrine — Ural Mountains, Russia Citrine — Artigas, Uruguay Copper — Keweenaw Peninsula, USA Copper — Itauz Mine, Dzhezkazgan, Kazakhstan Copper — Tsumeb, Namibia Copper — Bisbee, USA Copper — Cornwall, United Kingdom Diamond — Kimberley (Big Hole), South Africa Diamond — Mir pipe, Mirny, Russia Diamond — Argyle, Australia Diamond — Orapa, Botswana Diamond — Diavik, Canada Diamond — Kollur Mine, Golconda, India Emerald — Muzo, Colombia Emerald — Chivor, Colombia Emerald — Kagem Mine, Kafubu, Zambia Emerald — Panjshir Valley, Afghanistan Emerald — Belmont Mine, Itabira, Brazil Emerald — Wadi Sikait, Egypt Feldspar — Nain–Paul's Island, Canada Feldspar — Ilmen Mountains, Russia Feldspar — Meetiyagoda, Sri Lanka Feldspar — Pikes Peak–Crystal Peak, USA Feldspar — Arendal, Norway Feldspar — Larvik, Norway Fluorapatite — Panasqueira, Portugal Fluorapatite — Cerro de Mercado, Mexico Fluorapatite — Mogok, Myanmar Fluorapatite — Khibiny massif, Russia Fluorite — Cave-in-Rock district, USA Fluorite — Castleton, United Kingdom Fluorite — Rogerley Mine, United Kingdom Fluorite — Berbes, Spain Fluorite — Yaogangxian Mine, China Fluorite — Okorusu, Namibia Forsterite — Peridot Mesa, San Carlos, United States Forsterite — St. John's Island (Zabargad), Egypt Forsterite — Aheim, Norway Forsterite — Bavarian Forest, Germany Galena — Joplin / Tri-State district, United States Galena — Freiberg, Germany Galena — Broken Hill, Australia Galena — Madan district, Bulgaria Galena — Dalnegorsk, Russia Garnet — Gore Mountain, North River, USA Garnet — Turnov / Český ráj, Czech Republic Garnet — Tsavo / Taita Hills, Kenya Garnet — Jeffrey Mine, Asbestos, Canada Garnet — Saranovskoye Mine, Russia Garnet — Minas Gerais, Brazil Gold — Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa Gold — Mother Lode, USA Gold — Klondike (Dawson City), Canada Gold — Ballarat, Australia Gold — Berezovsk, Russia Gypsum — Naica Mine, Mexico Gypsum — Montmartre, France Gypsum — Great Salt Plains, USA Gypsum — White Sands, USA Gypsum — Ebro Basin, Spain Halite — Wieliczka Salt Mine, Poland Halite — Hallstatt, Austria Halite — Khewra Salt Mine, Pakistan Halite — Searles Lake, USA Halite — Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia Halite — Staßfurt, Germany Hematite — Egremont & Beckermet, United Kingdom Hematite — Isola d’Elba, Italy Hematite — Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Brazil Hematite — Marquette Range, USA Hematite — Wessels Mine, Kalahari, South Africa Jade — Hpakant, Myanmar Jade — Motagua Valley, Guatemala Jade — Nephrite deposits, Cassiar, Canada Jade — Hetian (Khotan), China Jadeite — Hpakant, Myanmar Jadeite — Motagua Valley, Guatemala Jadeite — Itoigawa, Japan Jadeite — New Idria, United States Jasper — Biggs Junction, United States Jasper — Nunkeri, Australia Jasper — Ashoknagar, India Labradorite — Paul's Island / Nain, Canada Labradorite — Ylämaa, Finland Labradorite — Volodarsk-Volynskyi, Ukraine Labradorite — Toliara region, Madagascar Labradorite — Plush, USA Labradorite — Larvik, Norway Lapis Lazuli — Sar-e-Sang, Afghanistan Lapis Lazuli — Andes, Ovalle, Chile Lapis Lazuli — Lake Baikal, Russia Lepidolite — Minas Gerais, Brazil Lepidolite — Pala district, United States Lepidolite — Varuträsk, Sweden Lepidolite — Tanco mine, Canada Magnetite — Kiruna, Sweden Magnetite — Magnitogorsk (Magnitnaya), Russia Magnetite — Traversella, Italy Magnetite — Bancroft area, Canada Magnetite — Tilly Foster Mine, USA Malachite — Tsumeb Mine, Namibia Malachite — Kolwezi (Katanga Copperbelt), DR Congo Malachite — Bisbee (Copper Queen Mine), USA Malachite — Mednorudyansk & Nizhny Tagil, Russia Malachite — Burra (Monster Mine), Australia Malachite — Chessy-les-Mines, France Moonstone — Meetiyagoda, Sri Lanka Moonstone — Adula group (type), Switzerland Moonstone — Ilmen Mountains, Russia Moonstone — New Mexico, United States Muscovite — Spruce Pine district, USA Muscovite — Nellore (Gudur) mica belt, India Muscovite — Minas Gerais, Brazil Muscovite — Black Hills (Custer district), USA Muscovite — Karelia, Russia Muscovite — Skardu district, Pakistan Obsidian — Obsidian Cliff, United States Obsidian — Glass Buttes, United States Obsidian — Lipari, Italy Obsidian — Pachuca, Mexico Olivine — Papakolea, United States Olivine — San Carlos, United States Olivine — Aheim, Norway Olivine — Eifel, Germany Opal — Lightning Ridge, Australia Opal — Coober Pedy, Australia Opal — Andamooka, Australia Opal — Querétaro, Mexico Opal — Wegel Tena, Wollo, Ethiopia Opal — Virgin Valley, USA Orthoclase — Carlsbad (Karlovy Vary), Czech Republic Orthoclase — St. Gotthard–Adula, Switzerland Orthoclase — Baveno, Italy Orthoclase — Ihosy–Betroka region, Madagascar Orthoclase — Pikes Peak, USA Peridot — Peridot Mesa, San Carlos, United States Peridot — Zabargad (St. John's Island), Egypt Peridot — Mogok, Myanmar Peridot — Kohistan, Pakistan Pyrite — Navajún, Spain Pyrite — Rio Tinto, Spain Pyrite — Rio Marina, Italy Pyrite — Huanzala Mine, Peru Pyrite — Quiruvilca Mine, Peru Pyrite — Dalnegorsk, Russia Quartz — Minas Gerais, Brazil Quartz — Hot Springs, USA Quartz — Alps, Switzerland & France Quartz — Artigas, Uruguay Quartz — Antananarivo region, Madagascar Rhodochrosite — Sweet Home mine, United States Rhodochrosite — Capillitas mine, Argentina Rhodochrosite — Kalahari manganese field, South Africa Rhodochrosite — Huaron, Peru Rhodonite — Sverdlovsk (Ural Mts), Russia Rhodonite — Broken Hill, Australia Rhodonite — Conselheiro Lafaiete, Brazil Rhodonite — Franklin, United States Rose Quartz — Antsirabe region, Madagascar Rose Quartz — Sapucaia mine, Brazil Rose Quartz — Custer district, USA Rose Quartz — Spitzkoppe, Namibia Rose Quartz — Mount Mica, USA Ruby — Mogok Stone Tract, Myanmar Ruby — Mong Hsu, Myanmar Ruby — Montepuez, Mozambique Ruby — Ratnapura, Sri Lanka Ruby — Luc Yen, Vietnam Ruby — Jegdalek, Afghanistan Sapphire — Padder Valley, Kashmir, India Sapphire — Ratnapura, Sri Lanka Sapphire — Ilakaka, Madagascar Sapphire — Yogo Gulch, USA Sapphire — Bo Phloi, Kanchanaburi, Thailand Sapphire — Anakie–Rubyvale, Australia Selenite — Naica Cave of Crystals, Mexico Selenite — Great Salt Plains, United States Selenite — Paris Basin, France Smoky Quartz — Cairngorm Mountains, United Kingdom Smoky Quartz — Grimsel–Furka area, Switzerland Smoky Quartz — Pikes Peak, USA Smoky Quartz — Mooralla, Australia Smoky Quartz — Minas Gerais, Brazil Smoky Quartz — Central Highlands, Madagascar Sodalite — Bancroft, Canada Sodalite — Ilímaussaq, Greenland Sodalite — Minas Gerais, Brazil Sodalite — Monte Somma, Vesuvius, Italy Spodumene — Pala district (Pala Chief & Himalaya mines), USA Spodumene — Hiddenite, USA Spodumene — Kunar Valley (Laghman–Nuristan), Afghanistan Spodumene — Governador Valadares & Itinga, Brazil Spodumene — Greenbushes, Australia Spodumene — Tanco Mine, Bernic Lake, Canada Sulphur — Racalmuto & Cianciana, Italy Sulphur — Kawah Ijen, Indonesia Sulphur — El Desierto Mine, Bolivia Sulphur — Steamboat Springs, USA Sulphur — Machów Mine, Tarnobrzeg, Poland Tanzanite — Merelani Hills, Tanzania Tanzanite — Merelani — Block A, Tanzania Tanzanite — Merelani — Block B, Tanzania Tanzanite — Merelani — Block C, Tanzania Tanzanite — Merelani — Block D, Tanzania Topaz — Ouro Preto, Brazil Topaz — Topaz Mountain, Thomas Range, USA Topaz — Schneckenstein, Germany Topaz — Villa de Arriaga, Mexico Topaz — Volodarsk-Volynskii, Ukraine Topaz — Mogok, Myanmar Tourmaline — Minas Gerais pegmatites, Brazil Tourmaline — São José da Batalha, Brazil Tourmaline — Island of Elba, Italy Tourmaline — Pala, USA Tourmaline — Mogok, Myanmar Tourmaline — Dunton Quarry, Newry, USA Turquoise — Nishapur, Iran Turquoise — Sinai (Serabit el-Khadim), Egypt Turquoise — Sleeping Beauty mine, United States Turquoise — Bisbee, United States Vanadinite — Mibladen (ACF Mine), Morocco Vanadinite — Touissit, Morocco Vanadinite — Zimapán, Mexico Vanadinite — Old Yuma Mine, USA Vanadinite — Tsumeb Mine, Namibia Vanadinite — Broken Hill, Australia Wulfenite — Red Cloud Mine, USA Wulfenite — Bleiberg, Austria Wulfenite — Rowley Mine, USA Wulfenite — Erupción Mine (Ahumada), Mexico Wulfenite — Tsumeb Mine, Namibia Wulfenite — Touissit, Morocco Zircon — Jack Hills, Australia Zircon — Mud Tank, Australia Zircon — Ratanakiri, Cambodia Zircon — Ural Mountains, Russia

302 mapped localities · approximate positions, famous for fine specimens.

AgateIdar-ObersteinGermany · Historic agate-cutting center since the Middle Ages
AgateRio Grande do SulBrazil · The world's largest source — agate nodules in basalt
AgateArtigasUruguay · Finely banded nodular agates
AgateChihuahua agate fieldsMexico · Laguna and Coyamito — vivid fortification banding
AgateLake Superior shoresUSA · Lake Superior agate — the state gemstone
AgateBobonong districtBotswana · Botswana agate — fine pink-and-gray banding
AlmandineZillerthalAustria · Historic type region
AlmandineFort WrangellUnited States · Classic schist-hosted garnets
AlmandineBarton mine, Gore MountainUnited States · Giant crystals to 25 cm
AlmandineBihar & RajasthanIndia · Historic almandine gem source
AmberBaltic coast (Kaliningrad)Russia · 90% of world amber — Eocene forest resin
AmberGdańsk coastPoland · Historic amber trade
AmberSimojovelMexico · Miocene amber with superb inclusions
AmberKachinMyanmar · Burmite — Cretaceous amber with feathered-dinosaur inclusions
AmethystArtigasUruguay · Deep-purple geodes from basalt
AmethystIraíBrazil · Giant amethyst ‘cathedral’ geodes
AmethystPiedra ParadaMexico · Slender lavender ‘Vera Cruz’ crystals
AmethystThunder Bay (Diamond Willow mine)Canada · Amethyst dusted with red hematite
AmethystFour PeaksUSA · Classic American locality in the Mazatzal Mountains
AmethystKariba districtZambia · Deeply saturated African amethyst
ApatiteCerro de MercadoMexico · Classic yellow gem crystals
ApatitePanasqueiraPortugal · Fine green and violet prisms
ApatiteKola PeninsulaRussia · Khibiny alkaline massif — giant apatite deposits
ApatiteRenfrew CountyCanada · Historic Canadian crystals
AquamarineSanta Maria de ItabiraBrazil · Names the prized deep ‘Santa Maria’ blue
AquamarineShigar Valley, SkarduPakistan · Large, gemmy pegmatite crystals
AquamarineErongo MountainsNamibia · Fine crystals with schorl and feldspar
AquamarineMount AnteroUSA · One of the highest gem localities on Earth; Colorado’s state gemstone
AquamarineMursinka, Ural MountainsRussia · Classic 19th-century source
AquamarineCentral HighlandsMadagascar · Pegmatite and alluvial stones
AzuriteChessy-les-MinesFrance · Type locality — 'chessylite' nodules
AzuriteTsumeb MineNamibia · World-class deep-blue crystals
AzuriteMilpillas MineMexico · Brilliant modern finds from 2006 on
AzuriteTouissitMorocco · Sharp prisms on goethite matrix
AzuriteBisbee (Copper Queen Mine)USA · Classic American azurite-malachite
AzuriteLavrion (Laurium)Greece · Ancient silver-lead district slags and gossan
BaryteElk CreekUSA · Gemmy golden blades on calcite
BaryteStonehamUSA · Blue tabular crystals in shale
BaryteBaia Sprie (Felsőbánya)Romania · Classic European vein crystals
BarytePříbramCzech Republic · Historic mining district
BaryteCleator Moor & FrizingtonEngland · Crested 'cock's-comb' baryte with hematite
BaryteOuichaneMorocco · Golden 'light-blade' crystals
BerylMuzoColombia · The emerald standard
BerylMinas GeraisBrazil · Aquamarine and morganite pegmatites
BerylWah Wah MountainsUnited States · Only source of red beryl
BerylErongoNamibia · Fine aquamarine
BerylUrulga RiverRussia · Type locality
BiotiteCape AnnUSA · Type locality of annite, the iron endmember
BiotiteBancroft districtCanada · Classic mica district — large books with apatite
BiotiteJacupirangaBrazil · Phlogopite crystals in carbonatite
BiotiteVal MalencoItaly · Phlogopite and biotite in serpentinite and schist
BiotiteKovdor–KhibinyRussia · Phlogopite in alkaline intrusions
BiotiteToliara regionMadagascar · Giant biotite books in pegmatites
CalciteHelgustaðirIceland · Source of ‘Iceland spar’ — water-clear optical calcite
CalciteElmwood MineUSA · Golden ‘Tennessee calcite’ with sphalerite and fluorite
CalciteSweetwater MineUSA · Calcite crystals perched on galena
CalciteSanta EulaliaMexico · Classic Mexican calcite district
CalciteCavnicRomania · Scalenohedral ‘dogtooth’ crystals
CalciteDalnegorskRussia · Fine calcite from skarn deposits
CinnabarAlmadénSpain · Greatest mercury mine in history — worked since Roman times
CinnabarIdrijaSlovenia · Second-largest mercury mine; UNESCO site
CinnabarWanshanChina · Superb gemmy red crystals
CinnabarNew AlmadenUnited States · Fueled the Gold Rush's mercury demand
CitrineMinas GeraisBrazil · Leading source of natural and treated citrine
CitrineAnahí mineBolivia · Home of ametrine — amethyst and citrine in one crystal
CitrineCentral HighlandsMadagascar · Fine natural citrine
CitrineUral MountainsRussia · Historic source of golden quartz
CitrineArtigasUruguay · Amethyst geodes baked into citrine
CopperKeweenaw PeninsulaUSA · World’s greatest native-copper district — masses up to hundreds of tonnes in ancient lavas
CopperItauz Mine, DzhezkazganKazakhstan · Classic sharp copper crystals
CopperTsumebNamibia · Fine crystallized copper in the oxidized zone
CopperBisbeeUSA · Historic copper camp with dendritic masses
CopperCornwallUnited Kingdom · Historic mines; branching dendritic copper
DiamondKimberley (Big Hole)South Africa · The 1871 rush that made kimberlite famous
DiamondMir pipe, MirnyRussia · Vast open pit in Siberian permafrost
DiamondArgyleAustralia · Lamproite pipe famed for pinks; closed 2020
DiamondOrapaBotswana · The world’s largest diamond mine by area
DiamondDiavikCanada · Kimberlite beneath a subarctic lake
DiamondKollur Mine, GolcondaIndia · Historic source of the Koh-i-Noor and Hope diamonds
EmeraldMuzoColombia · The emerald capital — fine bluish-green crystals in calcite veins
EmeraldChivorColombia · Eastern belt; lighter, bluer stones
EmeraldKagem Mine, KafubuZambia · The world’s largest emerald mine by output
EmeraldPanjshir ValleyAfghanistan · Color rivaling Colombian stones
EmeraldBelmont Mine, ItabiraBrazil · Major modern producer in schist
EmeraldWadi SikaitEgypt · ‘Cleopatra’s mines’ — the oldest known emerald source
FeldsparNain–Paul's IslandCanada · Type locality of labradorite
FeldsparIlmen MountainsRussia · Historic amazonite and microcline pegmatites
FeldsparMeetiyagodaSri Lanka · Classic moonstone mines
FeldsparPikes Peak–Crystal PeakUSA · Amazonite with smoky quartz in granite pegmatite
FeldsparArendalNorway · Historic feldspar quarries — perthite and microcline
FeldsparLarvikNorway · Larvikite dimension stone with feldspar schiller
FluorapatitePanasqueiraPortugal · Blue-green gem crystals
FluorapatiteCerro de MercadoMexico · Yellow prisms in iron ore
FluorapatiteMogokMyanmar · Fine gem-quality crystals
FluorapatiteKhibiny massifRussia · Enormous apatite-nepheline ore
FluoriteCave-in-Rock districtUSA · Heart of the Illinois–Kentucky fluorspar district
FluoriteCastletonUnited Kingdom · Source of banded ‘Blue John’, mined since Roman times
FluoriteRogerley MineUnited Kingdom · Emerald-green cubes that fluoresce even in daylight
FluoriteBerbesSpain · Violet cubic crystals on quartz
FluoriteYaogangxian MineChina · Fine fluorite with tungsten ores
FluoriteOkorusuNamibia · Deep purple-and-green zoned crystals
ForsteritePeridot Mesa, San CarlosUnited States · Gem peridot in basalt
ForsteriteSt. John's Island (Zabargad)Egypt · Ancient peridot source — mined 3,500 years
ForsteriteAheimNorway · Huge olivine quarries
ForsteriteBavarian ForestGermany · Type region (Forster)
GalenaJoplin / Tri-State districtUnited States · Classic cubic clusters
GalenaFreibergGermany · Historic silver-lead mining
GalenaBroken HillAustralia · One of the largest Pb-Zn-Ag orebodies
GalenaMadan districtBulgaria · Fine octahedral crystals
GalenaDalnegorskRussia · Modern classic locality
GarnetGore Mountain, North RiverUSA · Giant almandine crystals — NY state gemstone
GarnetTurnov / Český rájCzech Republic · Historic Bohemian pyrope
GarnetTsavo / Taita HillsKenya · Tsavorite (vanadium grossular)
GarnetJeffrey Mine, AsbestosCanada · Fine grossular and vesuvianite in skarn
GarnetSaranovskoye MineRussia · Uvarovite on chromitite
GarnetMinas GeraisBrazil · Gem almandine and rhodolite gravels
GoldWitwatersrand BasinSouth Africa · Largest goldfield ever mined — ancient river gravels
GoldMother LodeUSA · 1849 Gold Rush country; quartz-vein gold
GoldKlondike (Dawson City)Canada · 1896–99 placer rush
GoldBallaratAustralia · Famous for giant nuggets, including the Welcome Nugget
GoldBerezovskRussia · Historic Urals lode — classic crystallized gold
GypsumNaica MineMexico · Cave of the Crystals — selenite beams up to ~12 m long
GypsumMontmartreFrance · Historic quarries; the original ‘plaster of Paris’
GypsumGreat Salt PlainsUSA · Selenite crystals with hourglass sand inclusions
GypsumWhite SandsUSA · World’s largest gypsum dune field
GypsumEbro BasinSpain · Thick Miocene evaporite beds
HaliteWieliczka Salt MinePoland · Seven centuries of mining; chapels carved from salt
HaliteHallstattAustria · Site of the world’s oldest known salt mine
HaliteKhewra Salt MinePakistan · Source of Himalayan ‘pink salt’
HaliteSearles LakeUSA · Evaporite salt pan rich in rare minerals
HaliteSalar de UyuniBolivia · World’s largest salt flat — a crust of halite
HaliteStaßfurtGermany · Classic potash evaporite district
HematiteEgremont & BeckermetUnited Kingdom · Classic ‘kidney ore’ — rounded botryoidal masses
HematiteIsola d’ElbaItaly · Specular crystals and ‘iron roses’; mined since Etruscan times
HematiteQuadrilátero FerríferoBrazil · Huge specular-hematite mines in itabirite
HematiteMarquette RangeUSA · Lake Superior banded iron formations
HematiteWessels Mine, KalahariSouth Africa · Brilliant hematite crystals with andradite
JadeHpakantMyanmar · The imperial jadeite mines
JadeMotagua ValleyGuatemala · Maya jade source
JadeNephrite deposits, CassiarCanada · World nephrite supply
JadeHetian (Khotan)China · Mutton-fat nephrite for 5,000 years
JadeiteHpakantMyanmar · World's only major jadeite source
JadeiteMotagua ValleyGuatemala · Maya jade — Olmec blue jadeite
JadeiteItoigawaJapan · Historic Japanese jadeite
JadeiteNew IdriaUnited States · Coast Range serpentinite jade
JasperBiggs JunctionUnited States · Biggs picture jasper — scenic landscapes
JasperNunkeriAustralia · Mookaite jasper
JasperAshoknagarIndia · Historic jasper quarries
LabradoritePaul's Island / NainCanada · Type locality — anorthosite boulders with blue schiller
LabradoriteYlämaaFinland · Spectrolite — full-spectrum gem labradorite
LabradoriteVolodarsk-VolynskyiUkraine · Gemmy labradorite in gabbro quarries
LabradoriteToliara regionMadagascar · Transparent golden facet-grade labradorite
LabradoritePlushUSA · Copper-bearing labradorite sold as Oregon sunstone
LabradoriteLarvikNorway · Larvikite dimension stone with strong blue schiller
Lapis LazuliSar-e-SangAfghanistan · The source for 7,000 years — still the finest
Lapis LazuliAndes, OvalleChile · Second major source — more calcite
Lapis LazuliLake BaikalRussia · Baikal lapis
LepidoliteMinas GeraisBrazil · Lilac books with tourmaline
LepidolitePala districtUnited States · Pink lepidolite pockets
LepidoliteVaruträskSweden · Classic lithium pegmatite
LepidoliteTanco mineCanada · Major lithium orebody
MagnetiteKirunaSweden · Giant magnetite-apatite orebody — the town is literally being moved for the mine
MagnetiteMagnitogorsk (Magnitnaya)Russia · ‘Magnet Mountain’ — its ore famously deflected compass needles
MagnetiteTraversellaItaly · Classic sharp octahedral crystals
MagnetiteBancroft areaCanada · Well-known Canadian specimen locality
MagnetiteTilly Foster MineUSA · Historic source of fine crystallized magnetite
MalachiteTsumeb MineNamibia · Classic azurite-malachite and rare sharp crystals
MalachiteKolwezi (Katanga Copperbelt)DR Congo · Vast banded and stalactitic masses
MalachiteBisbee (Copper Queen Mine)USA · Historic azurite-malachite from a great copper camp
MalachiteMednorudyansk & Nizhny TagilRussia · The Demidov mines — giant masses for palaces
MalachiteBurra (Monster Mine)Australia · Rich oxidized copper zone
MalachiteChessy-les-MinesFrance · Historic 'copper sand' nodules with azurite
MoonstoneMeetiyagodaSri Lanka · The classic blue-sheen moonstone gravels
MoonstoneAdula group (type)Switzerland · Adularia's type region
MoonstoneIlmen MountainsRussia · Historic moonstone
MoonstoneNew MexicoUnited States · US occurrences
MuscoviteSpruce Pine districtUSA · Classic pegmatite mica-mining district
MuscoviteNellore (Gudur) mica beltIndia · Famous ‘ruby muscovite’ sheet mines
MuscoviteMinas GeraisBrazil · Pegmatite books, often with beryl and tourmaline
MuscoviteBlack Hills (Custer district)USA · Giant pegmatite books — the Etta and Hugo mines
MuscoviteKareliaRussia · Historic source of ‘Muscovy glass’ window sheets
MuscoviteSkardu districtPakistan · Large books in gem pegmatites
ObsidianObsidian CliffUnited States · Classic flow — traded across prehistoric America
ObsidianGlass ButtesUnited States · Huge variety incl. fire & rainbow obsidian
ObsidianLipariItaly · Supplied the ancient Mediterranean
ObsidianPachucaMexico · Mesoamerican blade source
OlivinePapakoleaUnited States · Green-sand beach — olivine weathered from cinder cone
OlivineSan CarlosUnited States · Peridot Mesa gem gravels
OlivineAheimNorway · World's largest olivine quarries
OlivineEifelGermany · Mantle xenoliths in volcanics
OpalLightning RidgeAustralia · World capital of black opal
OpalCoober PedyAustralia · White opal; famous dugout mining town
OpalAndamookaAustralia · Matrix and crystal opal
OpalQuerétaroMexico · Fire opal in rhyolite
OpalWegel Tena, WolloEthiopia · Hydrophane opal since 2008
OpalVirgin ValleyUSA · Black fire opal and opalized wood
OrthoclaseCarlsbad (Karlovy Vary)Czech Republic · Type locality; gives its name to the Carlsbad twin law
OrthoclaseSt. Gotthard–AdulaSwitzerland · Alpine cleft adularia, the namesake variety
OrthoclaseBavenoItaly · Granite-quarry crystals; namesake of the Baveno twin law
OrthoclaseIhosy–Betroka regionMadagascar · Large, gemmy yellow and pink crystals
OrthoclasePikes PeakUSA · Feldspar with smoky quartz and amazonite in granite pegmatite
PeridotPeridot Mesa, San CarlosUnited States · World's main gem source — Apache reservation
PeridotZabargad (St. John's Island)Egypt · Mined since 1500 BCE — 'topaz' of the ancients
PeridotMogokMyanmar · Fine large crystals
PeridotKohistanPakistan · High-altitude peridot
PyriteNavajúnSpain · Perfect natural cubes weathering out of marl
PyriteRio TintoSpain · Vast massive pyrite worked since antiquity
PyriteRio MarinaItaly · Classic pyritohedral crystals
PyriteHuanzala MinePeru · Bright cubes and octahedra with fluorite
PyriteQuiruvilca MinePeru · Fine Peruvian pyrite specimens
PyriteDalnegorskRussia · Sharp crystals on skarn matrix
QuartzMinas GeraisBrazil · Amethyst geodes
QuartzHot SpringsUSA · Clear crystal points
QuartzAlpsSwitzerland & France · Alpine cleft crystals
QuartzArtigasUruguay · Deep-purple amethyst
QuartzAntananarivo regionMadagascar
RhodochrositeSweet Home mineUnited States · World's finest rhombs — 'Alma King'
RhodochrositeCapillitas mineArgentina · Banded stalactites — Inca rose
RhodochrositeKalahari manganese fieldSouth Africa · Scalenohedral crystals
RhodochrositeHuaronPeru · Modern vein specimens
RhodoniteSverdlovsk (Ural Mts)Russia · The tsarist carving stone — giant blocks
RhodoniteBroken HillAustralia · Fine red crystals
RhodoniteConselheiro LafaieteBrazil · Massive pink material
RhodoniteFranklinUnited States · Franklin Furnace manganese
Rose QuartzAntsirabe regionMadagascar · The classic deep-pink rose quartz
Rose QuartzSapucaia mineBrazil · Famous for rare euhedral pink quartz crystals
Rose QuartzCuster districtUSA · Pegmatite rose quartz
Rose QuartzSpitzkoppeNamibia · Rose quartz in granite
Rose QuartzMount MicaUSA · Crystalline pink quartz in a tourmaline pegmatite
RubyMogok Stone TractMyanmar · The classic source — ‘pigeon’s blood’ ruby in marble
RubyMong HsuMyanmar · Major source since the 1990s; often heat-treated
RubyMontepuezMozambique · The largest modern producer
RubyRatnapuraSri Lanka · Ancient river gravels — ‘City of Gems’
RubyLuc YenVietnam · Marble-hosted, alongside red spinel
RubyJegdalekAfghanistan · Historic marble mines worked for centuries
SapphirePadder Valley, KashmirIndia · The legendary ‘cornflower’ blues, mined briefly in the 1880s
SapphireRatnapuraSri Lanka · Gem gravels worked for two thousand years
SapphireIlakakaMadagascar · The 1998 strike that reshaped the world market
SapphireYogo GulchUSA · Naturally cornflower-blue; needs no heat
SapphireBo Phloi, KanchanaburiThailand · Basalt-related blue sapphire fields
SapphireAnakie–RubyvaleAustralia · Vast basalt-carried sapphire fields
SeleniteNaica Cave of CrystalsMexico · Gypsum megacrystals to 12 m — largest on Earth
SeleniteGreat Salt PlainsUnited States · Hourglass-inclusion selenites dug by visitors
SeleniteParis BasinFrance · Historic gypsum quarries — 'plaster of Paris'
Smoky QuartzCairngorm MountainsUnited Kingdom · Home of cairngorm, the Scottish national gem
Smoky QuartzGrimsel–Furka areaSwitzerland · Famous alpine clefts and gwindel crystals
Smoky QuartzPikes PeakUSA · Classic pairing with blue-green amazonite
Smoky QuartzMoorallaAustralia · Smoky quartz geodes in rhyolite
Smoky QuartzMinas GeraisBrazil · Large, dark crystals from pegmatites
Smoky QuartzCentral HighlandsMadagascar
SodaliteBancroftCanada · Princess Quarry — 'Princess sodalite' for Balmoral
SodaliteIlímaussaqGreenland · Type region — alkaline complex
SodaliteMinas GeraisBrazil · Large blue masses
SodaliteMonte Somma, VesuviusItaly · Historic Italian occurrence
SpodumenePala district (Pala Chief & Himalaya mines)USA · Kunzite classics of the early 1900s
SpodumeneHiddeniteUSA · Type area of green hiddenite
SpodumeneKunar Valley (Laghman–Nuristan)Afghanistan · Huge gemmy kunzite crystals
SpodumeneGovernador Valadares & ItingaBrazil · Kunzite and colored spodumene
SpodumeneGreenbushesAustralia · World-class hard-rock lithium mine
SpodumeneTanco Mine, Bernic LakeCanada · Giant spodumene prisms in a complex pegmatite
SulphurRacalmuto & CiancianaItaly · The classic locality — bipyramidal crystals on gypsum matrix
SulphurKawah IjenIndonesia · Working sulfur mine beside a turquoise acid crater lake
SulphurEl Desierto MineBolivia · Gemmy crystals in a volcanic setting
SulphurSteamboat SpringsUSA · Fumarole-deposited crystals
SulphurMachów Mine, TarnobrzegPoland · Evaporite sulfur recovered by the Frasch process
TanzaniteMerelani HillsTanzania · The world's only tanzanite deposit — discovered 1967
TanzaniteMerelani — Block ATanzania · One of the four licensed mining blocks
TanzaniteMerelani — Block BTanzania · Licensed mining block of the Merelani deposit
TanzaniteMerelani — Block CTanzania · Licensed mining block; large-scale mechanized workings
TanzaniteMerelani — Block DTanzania · Licensed mining block — artisanal workings
TopazOuro PretoBrazil · Imperial topaz — the world's classic source
TopazTopaz Mountain, Thomas RangeUSA · Sherry topaz in rhyolite cavities
TopazSchneckensteinGermany · Historic type locality — greisen topaz
TopazVilla de ArriagaMexico · Brown topaz in rhyolite
TopazVolodarsk-VolynskiiUkraine · Large gemmy crystals
TopazMogokMyanmar · Alluvial gem topaz
TourmalineMinas Gerais pegmatitesBrazil · The great elbaite province
TourmalineSão José da BatalhaBrazil · Copper-bearing neon 'Paraíba' elbaite
TourmalineIsland of ElbaItaly · Type locality of elbaite
TourmalinePalaUSA · Tourmaline Queen & Stewart mines — pink elbaite
TourmalineMogokMyanmar · Alluvial gem gravels
TourmalineDunton Quarry, NewryUSA · Famous 1972 watermelon elbaite find
TurquoiseNishapurIran · The Persian blue standard — 2000+ years of mining
TurquoiseSinai (Serabit el-Khadim)Egypt · Mined by ancient Egyptians
TurquoiseSleeping Beauty mineUnited States · Pure robin's-egg blue
TurquoiseBisbeeUnited States · Famed spiderweb matrix
VanadiniteMibladen (ACF Mine)Morocco · The world's finest red-orange barrels on baryte and goethite
VanadiniteTouissitMorocco · Classic Moroccan lead district
VanadiniteZimapánMexico · Type locality — where del Río discovered vanadium
VanadiniteOld Yuma MineUSA · Fine US vanadinite and descloizite
VanadiniteTsumeb MineNamibia · Secondary enrichment-zone crystals
VanadiniteBroken HillAustralia · Historic oxidized lead ores
WulfeniteRed Cloud MineUSA · The world's most famous deep red-orange blades — mined purely for specimens
WulfeniteBleibergAustria · Type locality — Wulfen's 'yellow lead spar'
WulfeniteRowley MineUSA · Classic windowpane-thin orange plates
WulfeniteErupción Mine (Ahumada)Mexico · Thick, chunky orange crystals
WulfeniteTsumeb MineNamibia · Gemmy crystals in the deep oxide zone
WulfeniteTouissitMorocco · Orange plates with vanadinite and cerussite
ZirconJack HillsAustralia · 4.4-billion-year-old detrital zircons — oldest Earth materials
ZirconMud TankAustralia · Gemmy brown zircons
ZirconRatanakiriCambodia · Blue zircon source (heat-treated)
ZirconUral MountainsRussia · Classic crystal localities