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353
minerals · Prized Specimens · sorted with popular first
Variety
Agate
SiO₂
Silicate
Trigonal
Mohs 6.5–7
Almandine
Fe²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Silicate
Cubic
Mohs 7–7.5
Mineraloid
Amber
C₁₀H₁₆O (fossil resin)
Organic Mineral
Amorphous
Mohs 2–2.5
Variety
Amethyst
SiO₂
Silicate
Trigonal
Mohs 7
Group
Apatite
Ca₅(PO₄)₃(F,Cl,OH)
Phosphate
Hexagonal
Mohs 5
Azurite
Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
Carbonate
Monoclinic
Mohs 3.5–4
Baryte
Ba(SO₄)
Sulfate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 3–3.5
Beryl
Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈
Silicate
Hexagonal
Mohs 7.5–8
Group
Biotite
K(Mg,Fe)₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 2.5–3
Calcite
Ca(CO₃)
Carbonate
Hexagonal
Mohs 3
Cinnabar
HgS
Sulfide
Hexagonal
Mohs 2–2.5
Copper
Cu
Native Element
Cubic
Mohs 2.5–3
Fluorapatite
Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
Phosphate
Hexagonal
Mohs 5
Fluorite
CaF₂
Halide
Cubic
Mohs 4
Galena
PbS
Sulfide
Cubic
Mohs 2.5
Group
Garnet
X₃Y₂(SiO₄)₃
Silicate
Cubic
Mohs 6.5–7.5
Gypsum
Ca(SO₄)·2H₂O
Sulfate
Monoclinic
Mohs 2
Halite
NaCl
Halide
Cubic
Mohs 2.5
Hematite
Fe₂O₃
Oxides & Hydroxide
Hexagonal
Mohs 5–6
Jadeite
NaAlSi₂O₆
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 6–7
Variety
Jasper
SiO₂
Silicate
Trigonal
Mohs 6.5–7
Variety
Labradorite
(Ca,Na)(Al,Si)₄O₈
Silicate
Triclinic
Mohs 6–6.5
Rock
Lapis Lazuli
Rock — mainly lazurite
Silicate
Cubic
Mohs 5–5.5
Group
Lepidolite
K(Li,Al)₃(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(F,OH)₂
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 2.5–3
Magnetite
Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄
Oxides & Hydroxide
Cubic
Mohs 5.5–6.5
Malachite
Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
Carbonate
Monoclinic
Mohs 3.5–4
Muscovite
KAl₂(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 2–2.5
Mineraloid
Obsidian
SiO₂-rich volcanic glass
Silicate
Amorphous
Mohs 5–5.5
Opal
SiO₂·nH₂O
Silicate
Hexagonal
Mohs 5.5–6.5
Pyrite
FeS₂
Sulfide
Cubic
Mohs 6–6.5
Featured
Quartz
SiO₂
Silicate
Hexagonal
Mohs 7
Rhodochrosite
Mn(CO₃)
Carbonate
Hexagonal
Mohs 3.5–4
Rhodonite
CaMn₃Mn(Si₅O₁₅)
Silicate
Triclinic
Mohs 5.5–6.5
Variety
Selenite
CaSO₄·2H₂O
Sulfate
Monoclinic
Mohs 2
Variety
Smoky Quartz
SiO₂
Silicate
Trigonal
Mohs 7
Sodalite
Na₄(Si₃Al₃)O₁₂Cl
Silicate
Cubic
Mohs 5.5–6
Spodumene
LiAlSi₂O₆
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 6.5–7
Sulphur
S
Native Element
Orthorhombic
Mohs 1.5–2.5
Topaz
Al₂SiO₄F₂
Silicate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 8
Group
Tourmaline
(Na,Ca)(Mg,Fe,Li,Al)₃Al₆(BO₃)₃Si₆O₁₈(OH)₄
Silicate
Trigonal
Mohs 7–7.5
Turquoise
CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O
Phosphate
Triclinic
Mohs 5–6
Vanadinite
Pb₅(VO₄)₃Cl
Vanadate
Hexagonal
Mohs 3
Wulfenite
PbMoO₄
Molybdate
Tetragonal
Mohs 2.5–3
Zircon
Zr(SiO₄)
Silicate
Tetragonal
Mohs 7.5
Acanthite
Ag₂S
Sulfide
Monoclinic
Mohs 2–2.5
Actinolite
Ca₂(Mg₄.₅₋₂.₅Fe²⁺₀.₅₋₂.₅)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 5–6
Adamite
Zn₂(AsO₄)(OH)
Arsenate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 3.5
Aegirine
NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 6–6.5
Group
Allanite
(Ca,Ce)₂(Al,Fe)₃Si₃O₁₂(OH)
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 5.5–6
Allanite-(Ce)
CaCe(Al₂Fe²⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 5.5–6
Alunite
KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
Sulfate
Hexagonal
Mohs 3.5–4
Variety
Amazonite
KAlSi₃O₈
Silicate
Triclinic
Mohs 6–6.5
Amblygonite
LiAl(PO₄)F
Phosphate
Triclinic
Mohs 5.5–6
Analcime
Na(AlSi₂O₆)·H₂O
Silicate
Tetragonal
Mohs 5–5.5
Anatase
TiO₂
Oxides & Hydroxide
Tetragonal
Mohs 5.5–6
Andalusite
Al₂SiO₅
Silicate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 6.5–7.5
Variety
Andesine
(Ca,Na)(Al,Si)₄O₈
Silicate
Triclinic
Mohs 6–6.5
Andradite
Ca₃Fe³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃
Silicate
Cubic
Mohs 6.5–7
Anglesite
Pb(SO₄)
Sulfate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 2.5–3
Anhydrite
Ca(SO₄)
Sulfate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 3–3.5
Annabergite
Ni₃(AsO₄)₂·8H₂O
Arsenate
Monoclinic
Mohs 1.5–2.5
Anthophyllite
Mg₂Mg₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Silicate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 5.5–6
Antigorite
Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 2.5–3.5
Antlerite
Cu²⁺₃(SO₄)(OH)₄
Sulfate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 3.5
Aragonite
Ca(CO₃)
Carbonate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 3.5–4
Arsenic
As
Native Element
Trigonal
Mohs 3.5
Arsenopyrite
FeAsS
Sulfosalt
Monoclinic
Mohs 5.5–6
Atacamite
Cu₂Cl(OH)₃
Halide
Orthorhombic
Mohs 3–3.5
Augite
(Ca,Mg,Fe)₂Si₂O₆
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 5.5–6
Autunite
Ca(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂·10-12H₂O
Phosphate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 2–2.5
Group
Axinite
Ca₂(Mn,Fe,Mg)Al₂BSi₄O₁₅(OH)
Silicate
Triclinic
Mohs 6.5–7
Axinite-(Fe)
Ca₄Fe²⁺₂Al₄[B₂Si₈O₃₀](OH)₂
Silicate
Triclinic
Mohs 6.5–7
Axinite-(Mg)
Ca₄Mg₂Al₄[B₂Si₈O₃₀](OH)₂
Silicate
Triclinic
Mohs 6.5–7
Axinite-(Mn)
Ca₄Mn²⁺₂Al₄[B₂Si₈O₃₀](OH)₂
Silicate
Triclinic
Mohs 6.5–7
Bavenite
Ca₄Be₂₊ₓAl₂₋ₓSi₉O₂₆₋ₓ(OH)₂₊ₓ (x = 0 to 1)
Silicate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 5.5
Bazzite
Be₃(Sc,Fe³⁺,Mg)₂Si₆O₁₈·Na₀.₃₂·nH₂O
Silicate
Hexagonal
Mohs 6.5–7
Beidellite
(Na,Ca)₀.₃Al₂(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH)₂·nH₂O
Silicate
Mohs 1–2
Benitoite
BaTiSi₃O₉
Silicate
Hexagonal
Mohs 6–6.5
Bertrandite
Be₄Si₂O₇(OH)₂
Silicate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 6–7
Beudantite
PbFe³⁺₃(AsO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆
Arsenate
Hexagonal
Mohs 4
Bismuth
Bi
Native Element
Trigonal
Mohs 2–2.5
Bixbyite-(Fe)
Fe³⁺₂O₃
Oxides & Hydroxide
Cubic
Mohs 6–6.5
Boleite
KAg₉Pb₂₆Cu₂₄Cl₆₂(OH)₄₈
Halide
Cubic
Mohs 3–3.5
Boracite
Mg₃B₇O₁₃Cl
Halide
Orthorhombic
Mohs 7–7.5
Bornite
Cu₅FeS₄
Sulfide
Cubic
Mohs 3–3.25
Boulangerite
Pb₅Sb₄S₁₁
Sulfosalt
Orthorhombic
Mohs 2.5–3
Bournonite
CuPbSbS₃
Sulfosalt
Orthorhombic
Mohs 2.5–3
Braunite
Mn²⁺Mn³⁺₆O₈(SiO₄)
Silicate
Tetragonal
Mohs 6–6.5
Brazilianite
NaAl₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₄
Phosphate
Monoclinic
Mohs 5.5
Brewsterite-Sr
Sr(Al₂Si₆)O₁₆·5H₂O
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 4.5
Brochantite
Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆
Sulfate
Monoclinic
Mohs 3.5–4
Bromargyrite
AgBr
Halide
Cubic
Mohs 2.5
Brookite
TiO₂
Oxides & Hydroxide
Orthorhombic
Mohs 5.5–6
Bustamite
Mn₂Ca₂MnCa(Si₃O₉)₂
Silicate
Triclinic
Mohs 5.5–6.5
Variety
Bytownite
(Ca,Na)(Al,Si)₄O₈
Silicate
Triclinic
Mohs 6–6.5
Cancrinite
(Na,Ca, )₈(Al₆Si₆)O₂₄(CO₃,SO₄)₂·2H₂O
Silicate
Hexagonal
Mohs 5–6
Carminite
PbFe³⁺₂(AsO₄)₂(OH)₂
Arsenate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 3.5
Cassiterite
SnO₂
Oxides & Hydroxide
Tetragonal
Mohs 6–7
Catapleiite
Na₂Zr(Si₃O₉)·2H₂O
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 6
Cavansite
Ca(V⁴⁺O)(Si₄O₁₀)·4H₂O
Silicate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 3.5–4
Celadonite
KMgFe³⁺Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 2
Celestine
Sr(SO₄)
Sulfate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 3–3.5
Celsian
Ba(Al₂Si₂O₈)
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 6–6.5
Cerussite
Pb(CO₃)
Carbonate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 3–3.5
Chabazite-Ca
Ca₂[Al₄Si₈O₂₄]·13H₂O
Silicate
Trigonal
Mohs 4–5
Chalcanthite
Cu(SO₄)·5H₂O
Sulfate
Triclinic
Mohs 2.5
Chalcopyrite
CuFeS₂
Sulfide
Tetragonal
Mohs 3.5–4
Chamosite
(Fe²⁺,Mg,Al,Fe³⁺)₆(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH,O)₈
Silicate
Triclinic
Mohs 2.5–3.5
Charoite
(K,Sr,Ba,Mn)₁₅₋₁₆(Ca,Na)₃₂[Si₇₀(O,OH)₁₈₀](OH,F)₄·nH₂O
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 5–6
Chlorapatite
Ca₅(PO₄)₃Cl
Phosphate
Hexagonal
Mohs 5
Chlorargyrite
AgCl
Halide
Cubic
Mohs 2.5
Chloritoid
Fe²⁺Al₂O(SiO₄)(OH)₂
Silicate
Triclinic
Mohs 6.5
Variety
Chrysoprase
SiO₂
Silicate
Trigonal
Mohs 7
Chrysotile
Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 2.5–3.5
Clinochlore
Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
Silicate
Triclinic
Mohs 2–2.5
Clinoclase
Cu₃(AsO₄)(OH)₃
Arsenate
Monoclinic
Mohs 2.5–3
Clinoptilolite-Ca
Ca₃(Si₃₀Al₆)O₇₂·20H₂O
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 3.5–4
Clinozoisite
Ca₂Al₃[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 6.5–7
Cobaltite
CoAsS
Sulfosalt
Orthorhombic
Mohs 5.5
Colemanite
CaB₃O₄(OH)₃·H₂O
Oxides & Hydroxide
Monoclinic
Mohs 4–4.5
Group
Columbite
(Fe,Mn)Nb₂O₆
Oxides & Hydroxide
Orthorhombic
Mohs 6–6.5
Conichalcite
CaCu(AsO₄)(OH)
Arsenate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 4.5
Cordierite
Mg₂Al₄Si₅O₁₈
Silicate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 7–7.5
Corundum
Al₂O₃
Oxides & Hydroxide
Hexagonal
Mohs 9
Cotunnite
PbCl₂
Halide
Orthorhombic
Mohs 2.5
Covellite
CuS
Sulfide
Hexagonal
Mohs 1.5–2
Cristobalite
SiO₂
Silicate
Tetragonal
Mohs 6–7
Crocoite
Pb(CrO₄)
Chromate
Monoclinic
Mohs 2.5–3
Cryolite
Na₂NaAlF₆
Halide
Monoclinic
Mohs 2.5–3
Cummingtonite
Mg₂Mg₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 5–6
Cuprite
Cu₂O
Oxides & Hydroxide
Cubic
Mohs 3.5–4
Danburite
CaB₂Si₂O₈
Silicate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 7–7.5
Datolite
CaB(SiO₄)(OH)
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 5–5.5
Descloizite
PbZn(VO₄)(OH)
Vanadate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 3.5
Diaspore
AlO(OH)
Oxides & Hydroxide
Orthorhombic
Mohs 6.5–7
Dickite
Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 2–2.5
Diopside
CaMgSi₂O₆
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 5.5–6.5
Dioptase
CuSiO₃·H₂O
Silicate
Hexagonal
Mohs 5
Dolomite
CaMg(CO₃)₂
Carbonate
Hexagonal
Mohs 3.5–4
Dravite
NaMg₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Silicate
Hexagonal
Mohs 7.5
Dumortierite
AlAl₆BSi₃O₁₈
Silicate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 7–8.4
Elbaite
Na(Al₁.₅Li₁.₅)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Silicate
Hexagonal
Mohs 7.5
Enargite
Cu₃AsS₄
Sulfosalt
Orthorhombic
Mohs 3
Enstatite
Mg₂Si₂O₆
Silicate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 5–6
Epidote
Ca₂(Al₂Fe³⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 6–7
Epistilbite
Ca₃[Si₁₈Al₆O₄₈]·16H₂O
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 4
Erionite-Ca
Ca₅[Si₂₆Al₁₀O₇₂]·30H₂O
Silicate
Hexagonal
Mohs 2–3
Erythrite
Co₃(AsO₄)₂·8H₂O
Arsenate
Monoclinic
Mohs 1.5–2.5
Esperite
PbCa₂(ZnSiO₄)₃
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 4.5
Euchroite
Cu₂(AsO₄)(OH)·3H₂O
Arsenate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 3.5–4
Euclase
BeAlSiO₄(OH)
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 7.5
Eucryptite
LiAlSiO₄
Silicate
Hexagonal
Mohs 6.5
Eudialyte
Na₁₅Ca₆Fe₃Zr₃Si(Si₂₅O₇₃)(O,OH,H₂O)₃(Cl,OH)₂
Silicate
Hexagonal
Mohs 5–6
Fayalite
Fe²⁺₂(SiO₄)
Silicate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 6.5
Ferberite
Fe²⁺(WO₄)
Tungstate
Monoclinic
Mohs 4–4.5
Ferrierite-Mg
[Mg₂(K,Na)₂Ca₀.₅](Si₂₉Al₇)O₇₂·18H₂O
Silicate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 3–3.5
Ferrosilite
Fe²⁺₂Si₂O₆
Silicate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 6
Fluor-buergerite
NaFe³⁺₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃O₃F
Silicate
Hexagonal
Mohs 7
Fluor-liddicoatite
Ca(Li₂Al)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃F
Silicate
Hexagonal
Mohs 7.5
Fluorapophyllite-(K)
KCa₄Si₈O₂₀F·8H₂O
Silicate
Tetragonal
Mohs 4.5–5
Foitite
(Fe²⁺₂Al)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Silicate
Hexagonal
Mohs 7.5
Fornacite
CuPb₂(CrO₄)(AsO₄)(OH)
Arsenate
Monoclinic
Mohs 2.5
Franklinite
ZnFe³⁺₂O₄
Oxides & Hydroxide
Cubic
Mohs 5.5–6.5
Friedelite
Mn²⁺₈Si₆O₁₅(OH)₁₀
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 4–5
Group
Gadolinite
(Y,Ce)₂FeBe₂Si₂O₁₀
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 6.5–7
Gadolinite-(Y)
Y₂Fe²⁺Be₂O₂(SiO₄)₂
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 6.5–7
Gahnite
ZnAl₂O₄
Oxides & Hydroxide
Cubic
Mohs 7.5–8
Gedrite
Mg₂(Mg₃Al₂)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
Silicate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 5.5–6
Glauberite
Na₂Ca(SO₄)₂
Sulfate
Monoclinic
Mohs 2.5–3
Glaucophane
Na₂(Mg₃Al₂)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 6–6.5
Goethite
FeO(OH)
Oxides & Hydroxide
Orthorhombic
Mohs 5–5.5
Greenockite
CdS
Sulfide
Hexagonal
Mohs 3–3.5
Grossular
Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Silicate
Cubic
Mohs 6.5–7
Grunerite
Fe²⁺₂Fe²⁺₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 5–6
Hambergite
Be₂(BO₃)(OH)
Borate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 7.5
Hardystonite
Ca₂ZnSi₂O₇
Silicate
Tetragonal
Mohs 4
Harmotome
Ba₂(Si₁₂Al₄)O₃₂·12H₂O
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 4.5
Hastingsite
NaCa₂(Fe²⁺₄Fe³⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 5–6
Hausmannite
Mn²⁺Mn³⁺₂O₄
Oxides & Hydroxide
Tetragonal
Mohs 5.5
Haüyne
Na₃Ca(Si₃Al₃)O₁₂(SO₄)
Silicate
Cubic
Mohs 5.5–6
Hedenbergite
CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 5.5–6.5
Hemimorphite
Zn₄(Si₂O₇)(OH)₂·H₂O
Silicate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 4.5–5
Herderite
CaBe(PO₄)F
Phosphate
Monoclinic
Mohs 5–5.5
Group
Heulandite
(Ca,Na)₂Al₂Si₇O₁₈·6H₂O
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 3.5–4
Heulandite-Ca
(Ca,Na,K)₅(Si₂₇Al₉)O₇₂·26H₂O
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 3.5–4
Holdenite
Mn²⁺₆Zn₃(AsO₄)₂(SiO₄)(OH)₈
Silicate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 4.5
Group
Hornblende
Ca₂(Mg,Fe,Al)₅(Al,Si)₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 5–6
Hübnerite
Mn²⁺(WO₄)
Tungstate
Monoclinic
Mohs 4–4.5
Ilvaite
CaFe³⁺Fe²⁺₂O(Si₂O₇)(OH)
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 5.5–6
Inderite
MgB₃O₃(OH)₅·5H₂O
Oxides & Hydroxide
Monoclinic
Mohs 2.5
Inyoite
CaB₃O₃(OH)₅·4H₂O
Oxides & Hydroxide
Monoclinic
Mohs 2
Iodargyrite
AgI
Halide
Hexagonal
Mohs 1.5–2
Jamesonite
Pb₄FeSb₆S₁₄
Sulfosalt
Monoclinic
Mohs 2–2.5
Jarosite
KFe³⁺₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
Sulfate
Hexagonal
Mohs 2.5–3.5
Mineraloid
Jet
C — fossilized wood
Organic Mineral
Amorphous
Mohs 2.5–4
Kaersutite
NaCa₂(Mg₃AlTi⁴⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂O₂
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 5–6
Kentrolite
Pb₂Mn³⁺₂O₂(Si₂O₇)
Silicate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 6
Kernite
Na₂B₄O₆(OH)₂·3H₂O
Borate
Monoclinic
Mohs 2.5–3
Kurnakovite
MgB₃O₃(OH)₅·5H₂O
Oxides & Hydroxide
Triclinic
Mohs 2.5–3
Kyanite
Al₂OSiO₄
Silicate
Triclinic
Mohs 5.5–7
Langbeinite
K₂Mg₂(SO₄)₃
Sulfate
Cubic
Mohs 3.5
Laumontite
CaAl₂Si₄O₁₂·4H₂O
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 3.5–4
L
Lautarite
Ca(IO₃)₂
Iodate
Monoclinic
Mohs 3.5–4
Lawsonite
CaAl₂(Si₂O₇)(OH)₂·H₂O
Silicate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 7–7.5
Lazulite
MgAl₂(PO₄)₂(OH)₂
Phosphate
Monoclinic
Mohs 5.5–6
Lazurite
Na₇Ca(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)(SO₄)(S₃)¹⁻·H₂O
Silicate
Cubic
Mohs 5–5.5
Legrandite
Zn₂(AsO₄)(OH)·H₂O
Arsenate
Monoclinic
Mohs 4.5
Lepidocrocite
Fe³⁺O(OH)
Oxides & Hydroxide
Orthorhombic
Mohs 5
Leucite
K(AlSi₂O₆)
Silicate
Tetragonal
Mohs 5.5–6
Linarite
CuPb(SO₄)(OH)₂
Sulfate
Monoclinic
Mohs 2.5
Liroconite
Cu₂Al(AsO₄)(OH)₄·4H₂O
Arsenate
Monoclinic
Mohs 2–2.5
Lithiophilite
LiMn²⁺(PO₄)
Phosphate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 4–5
Lizardite
Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄
Silicate
Hexagonal
Mohs 2.5
Ludwigite
Mg₂Fe³⁺O₂(BO₃)
Borate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 5
Magnesite
Mg(CO₃)
Carbonate
Hexagonal
Mohs 3.5–4.5
Malayaite
CaSnO(SiO₄)
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 6–7
Manganite
Mn³⁺O(OH)
Oxides & Hydroxide
Monoclinic
Mohs 4
Marcasite
FeS₂
Sulfide
Orthorhombic
Mohs 6–6.5
Margarite
CaAl₂Si₂Al₂O₁₀(OH)₂
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 3.5–4.5
Marialite
Na₄Al₃Si₉O₂₄Cl
Silicate
Tetragonal
Mohs 5.5–6
Matlockite
PbClF
Halide
Tetragonal
Mohs 2.5–3
Meionite
Ca₄Al₆Si₆O₂₄(CO₃)
Silicate
Tetragonal
Mohs 5.5–6
Melanotekite
Pb₂Fe³⁺₂O₂(Si₂O₇)
Silicate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 6.5
Melanterite
Fe(SO₄)·7H₂O
Sulfate
Monoclinic
Mohs 2
Mesolite
Na₂Ca₂(Si₉Al₆)O₃₀·8H₂O
Silicate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 5
Microcline
K(AlSi₃O₈)
Silicate
Triclinic
Mohs 6–6.5
Milarite
KCa₂(Be₂AlSi₁₂)O₃₀·H₂O
Silicate
Hexagonal
Mohs 5.5–6
Millerite
NiS
Sulfide
Hexagonal
Mohs 3–3.5
Mimetite
Pb₅(AsO₄)₃Cl
Arsenate
Hexagonal
Mohs 3.5–4
Molybdenite
MoS₂
Sulfide
Hexagonal
Mohs 1–1.5
Group
Monazite
(Ce,La,Nd,Th)PO₄
Phosphate
Monoclinic
Mohs 5–5.5
Monazite-(Ce)
Ce(PO₄)
Phosphate
Monoclinic
Mohs 5–5.5
Monticellite
CaMg(SiO₄)
Silicate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 5.5
Mordenite
(Na₂,Ca,K₂)₄(Al₈Si₄₀)O₉₆·28H₂O
Silicate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 3–4
Variety
Moss Agate
SiO₂
Silicate
Trigonal
Mohs 7
Mottramite
PbCu(VO₄)(OH)
Vanadate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 3–3.5
Nasonite
Ca₄Pb₆(Si₂O₇)₃Cl₂
Silicate
Hexagonal
Mohs 4
Natrolite
Na₂(Si₃Al₂)O₁₀·2H₂O
Silicate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 5–5.5
Nepheline
Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
Silicate
Hexagonal
Mohs 5.5–6
Nickeline
NiAs
Sulfide
Hexagonal
Mohs 5–5.5
Nontronite
Na₀.₃Fe³⁺₂(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH)₂·nH₂O
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 1.5–2
Nosean
Na₈(Si₆Al₆)O₂₄(SO₄)·H₂O
Silicate
Cubic
Mohs 5.5
Olenite
NaAl₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃O₃(OH)
Silicate
Hexagonal
Mohs 7.5
Variety
Oligoclase
(Ca,Na)(Al,Si)₄O₈
Silicate
Triclinic
Mohs 6–6.5
Olivenite
Cu₂(AsO₄)(OH)
Arsenate
Monoclinic
Mohs 3
Omphacite
(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe,Al)Si₂O₆
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 5–6
Orpiment
As₂S₃
Sulfide
Monoclinic
Mohs 1.5–2
Osumilite
KFe₂(Al₅Si₁₀)O₃₀
Silicate
Hexagonal
Mohs 5.5–6
Paragonite
NaAl₂(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 2.5
Pargasite
NaCa₂(Mg₄Al)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 5–6
Pectolite
NaCa₂Si₃O₈(OH)
Silicate
Triclinic
Mohs 4.5–5
Perovskite
CaTiO₃
Oxides & Hydroxide
Orthorhombic
Mohs 5.5
Petalite
LiAlSi₄O₁₀
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 6–6.5
Pharmacosiderite
KFe³⁺₄(AsO₄)₃(OH)₄·6-7H₂O
Arsenate
Cubic
Mohs 2.5
Phenakite
Be₂(SiO₄)
Silicate
Hexagonal
Mohs 7.5–8
Phillipsite-Ca
Ca₃(Si₁₀Al₆)O₃₂·12H₂O
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 3.5–4.5
Phlogopite
KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 2–2.5
Phoenicochroite
Pb₂O(CrO₄)
Chromate
Monoclinic
Mohs 2.5
Phosphophyllite
Zn₂Fe²⁺(PO₄)₂·4H₂O
Phosphate
Monoclinic
Mohs 3–3.5
Piemontite
Ca₂(Al₂Mn³⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 6
Pigeonite
(Mg,Fe,Ca)₂Si₂O₆
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 6
Polylithionite
KLi₂AlSi₄O₁₀F₂
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 2.5–3
Powellite
Ca(MoO₄)
Molybdate
Tetragonal
Mohs 3.5–4
Priceite
Ca₂B₅O₇(OH)₅·H₂O
Borate
Monoclinic
Mohs 3–3.5
Probertite
NaCaB₅O₇(OH)₄·3H₂O
Borate
Monoclinic
Mohs 3
Proustite
Ag₃AsS₃
Sulfosalt
Hexagonal
Mohs 2–2.5
Pumpellyite-(Mg)
Ca₂MgAl₂(Si₂O₇)(SiO₄)(OH)₂·H₂O
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 6
Pyrargyrite
Ag₃SbS₃
Sulfosalt
Hexagonal
Mohs 2.5
Group
Pyrochlore Supergroup
(Na,Ca)₂Nb₂O₆(OH,F)
Oxides & Hydroxide
Cubic
Mohs 5–5.5
Pyrolusite
MnO₂
Oxides & Hydroxide
Tetragonal
Mohs 6–6.5
Pyrope
Mg₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Silicate
Cubic
Mohs 7–7.5
Pyrophyllite
Al₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
Silicate
Triclinic
Mohs 1–1.5
Pyroxmangite
Mn²⁺SiO₃
Silicate
Triclinic
Mohs 5.5–6
Pyrrhotite
Fe₇S₈
Sulfide
Monoclinic
Mohs 3.5–4.5
Realgar
AsS
Sulfide
Monoclinic
Mohs 1.5–2
Rhodizite
KBe₄Al₄(B₁₁Be)O₂₈
Oxides & Hydroxide
Cubic
Mohs 8
Richterite
Na(NaCa)Mg₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 5–6
Riebeckite
Na₂(Fe²⁺₃Fe³⁺₂)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 5–6
Romanèchite
(Ba,H₂O)₂(Mn⁴⁺,Mn³⁺)₅O₁₀
Oxides & Hydroxide
Monoclinic
Mohs 5–6
Rossmanite
(Al₂Li)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Silicate
Hexagonal
Mohs 7.5
Rutile
TiO₂
Oxides & Hydroxide
Tetragonal
Mohs 6–6.5
Sanidine
K(AlSi₃O₈)
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 6–6.5
Saponite
(Ca,Na)₀.₃(Mg,Fe)₃(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH)₂·4H₂O
Silicate
Mohs 1–2
Group
Scapolite
Marialite–meionite series
Silicate
Tetragonal
Mohs 5.5–6
Scheelite
Ca(WO₄)
Tungstate
Tetragonal
Mohs 4.5–5
Schorl
NaFe²⁺₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Silicate
Hexagonal
Mohs 7–7.5
Schorlomite
Ca₃Ti₂(SiFe³⁺₂)O₁₂
Silicate
Cubic
Mohs 7–7.5
Scolecite
Ca(Si₃Al₂)O₁₀·3H₂O
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 5–5.5
Scorodite
Fe³⁺(AsO₄)·2H₂O
Arsenate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 3.5–4
Sellaite
MgF₂
Halide
Tetragonal
Mohs 5
Sepiolite
Mg₄Si₆O₁₅(OH)₂·6H₂O
Silicate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 2–2.5
Group
Serpentine
(Mg,Fe)₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 2.5–3.5
Siderite
Fe(CO₃)
Carbonate
Hexagonal
Mohs 3.5–4.5
Sillimanite
Al₂SiO₅
Silicate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 6.5–7.5
Silver
Ag
Native Element
Cubic
Mohs 2.5–3
Smithsonite
Zn(CO₃)
Carbonate
Hexagonal
Mohs 4–4.5
Spessartine
Mn²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Silicate
Cubic
Mohs 7–7.5
Sphalerite
ZnS
Sulfide
Cubic
Mohs 3.5–4
Spinel
MgAl₂O₄
Oxides & Hydroxide
Cubic
Mohs 7.5–8
Staurolite
Fe²⁺₂Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH)
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 7–7.5
Stellerite
Ca₄(Si₂₈Al₈)O₇₂·28H₂O
Silicate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 4–4.5
Stephanite
Ag₅SbS₄
Sulfosalt
Orthorhombic
Mohs 2–2.5
Stibnite
Sb₂S₃
Sulfide
Orthorhombic
Mohs 2
Group
Stilbite
NaCa₄(Al₉Si₂₇)O₇₂·nH₂O
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 3.5–4
Stilbite-Ca
NaCa₄(Si₂₇Al₉)O₇₂·28H₂O
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 3.5–4
Stilbite-Na
Na₉(Si₂₇Al₉)O₇₂·28H₂O
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 3.5–4
Stolzite
Pb(WO₄)
Tungstate
Tetragonal
Mohs 2.5–3
Strengite
Fe³⁺(PO₄)·2H₂O
Phosphate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 3.5–4.5
Strontianite
Sr(CO₃)
Carbonate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 3.5
Sugilite
KNa₂Fe³⁺₂(Li₃Si₁₂)O₃₀
Silicate
Hexagonal
Mohs 6–6.5
Szaibélyite
MgBO₂(OH)
Borate
Monoclinic
Mohs 3.5–4
Group
Tantalite
(Fe,Mn)Ta₂O₆
Oxides & Hydroxide
Orthorhombic
Mohs 6–6.5
Tellurium
Te
Native Element
Hexagonal
Mohs 2–2.5
Group
Tennantite
(Cu,Fe)₁₂As₄S₁₃
Sulfosalt
Cubic
Mohs 3–4.5
Tennantite-(Fe)
Cu₆(Cu₄Fe₂)As₄S₁₃
Sulfosalt
Cubic
Mohs 3–4.5
Tephroite
Mn²⁺₂(SiO₄)
Silicate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 6
Group
Tetrahedrite
(Cu,Fe)₁₂Sb₄S₁₃
Sulfosalt
Cubic
Mohs 3–4.5
Tetrahedrite-(Fe)
Cu₆(Cu₄Fe₂)Sb₄S₁₃
Sulfosalt
Mohs 3–4.5
Thomsonite-Ca
NaCa₂(Al₅Si₅)O₂₀·6H₂O
Silicate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 5–5.5
Thorite
Th(SiO₄)
Silicate
Tetragonal
Mohs 4.5–5
Thortveitite
Sc₂Si₂O₇
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 6–7
Thénardite
Na₂(SO₄)
Sulfate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 2.5–3
Titanite
CaTi(SiO₄)O
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 5–5.5
Torbernite
Cu(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂·12H₂O
Phosphate
Tetragonal
Mohs 2–2.5
Tremolite
Ca₂(Mg₅.₀₋₄.₅Fe²⁺₀.₀₋₀.₅)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 5–6
Tridymite
SiO₂
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 7
Trilithionite
KLi₁.₅Al₁.₅(Si₃Al)O₁₀F₂
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 2.5–3
Triphylite
LiFe²⁺(PO₄)
Phosphate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 4–5
Tyuyamunite
Ca(UO₂)₂(VO₄)₂·5-8H₂O
Vanadate
Tetragonal
Mohs 2
Ulexite
NaCaB₅O₆(OH)₆·5H₂O
Borate
Triclinic
Mohs 2.5
Uvarovite
Ca₃Cr₂(SiO₄)₃
Silicate
Cubic
Mohs 6.5–7.5
Uvite
CaMg₃(Al₅Mg)(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Silicate
Hexagonal
Mohs 7.5
Variscite
Al(PO₄)·2H₂O
Phosphate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 3.5–4.5
Vauquelinite
CuPb₂(CrO₄)(PO₄)(OH)
Phosphate
Monoclinic
Mohs 2.5–3
Vermiculite
Mg₀.₇(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄·8H₂O
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 1.5
Vesuvianite
(Ca,Na)₁₉(Al,Mg,Fe)₁₃(SiO₄)₁₀(Si₂O₇)₄(OH,F,O)₁₀
Silicate
Tetragonal
Mohs 6.5
Villiaumite
NaF
Halide
Cubic
Mohs 2–2.5
Vivianite
Fe²⁺₃(PO₄)₂·8H₂O
Phosphate
Monoclinic
Mohs 1.5–2
Volborthite
Cu₃V₂O₇(OH)₂·2H₂O
Vanadate
Monoclinic
Mohs 3.5
Wairakite
Ca(Si₄Al₂)O₁₂·2H₂O
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 4.5–5
Wavellite
Al₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₃·5H₂O
Phosphate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 3.5–4
Willemite
Zn₂SiO₄
Silicate
Hexagonal
Mohs 5.5
Witherite
Ba(CO₃)
Carbonate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 3–3.5
Group
Wolframite
(Fe,Mn)WO₄
Tungstate
Monoclinic
Mohs 4–4.5
Wollastonite
CaSiO₃
Silicate
Triclinic
Mohs 4.5–5
Group
Xenotime
YPO₄
Phosphate
Tetragonal
Mohs 4–5
Xenotime-(Y)
Y(PO₄)
Phosphate
Tetragonal
Mohs 4–5
Yugawaralite
Ca(Si₆Al₂)O₁₆·4H₂O
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 4.5–5
Group
Zeolite
Hydrated aluminosilicates·nH₂O
Silicate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 3.5–5.5
Zincite
ZnO
Oxides & Hydroxide
Hexagonal
Mohs 4–4.5
Group
Zinnwaldite
KLiFe²⁺Al(AlSi₃)O₁₀(F,OH)₂
Silicate
Monoclinic
Mohs 2.5–3
Zoisite
Ca₂Al₃[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)
Silicate
Orthorhombic
Mohs 6–7
Zunyite
Al₁₃Si₅O₂₀(OH,F)₁₈Cl
Silicate
Cubic
Mohs 7